Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan)

Development of a Social-Emotional Counseling Module for Elementary School Guidance and Counseling Teachers in Supporting Students’ Mental Health

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The high prevalence of social anxiety, tantrum behavior, and social withdrawal among elementary school students in Enrekang Regency indicates the urgent need for structured and contextual preventive counseling interventions. This study aimed to develop a culturally based Social-Emotional Counseling Module (SECM) that is valid and effective in improving students’ social-emotional competence and emotional well-being. The study employed a modified Borg and Gall Research and Development model consisting of eight stages. Expert validation indicated a very high validity level (S-CVI = 0.92). The implementation involved seven guidance and counseling teachers and 32 students in grades 4–6 from five elementary schools using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Data were collected through the SECQ, SASC, and CORS instruments. The findings revealed significant improvements in overall social-emotional competence (t(19) = 6.21, p < 0.001, d = 1.39), emotional well-being (t(19) = 6.44, p < 0.001, d = 1.44), and approximately 20% reductions in social anxiety and tantrum behavior. These findings indicate that the SECM is an effective, contextual, and replicable preventive intervention for elementary schools.

Development of a STEM-Based E-Module Integrated with Environmental Projects to Stimulate Senior High School Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills

Metia Vinliani, Jayanti Syahfitri, Kashardi Kashardi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to develop a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-based e-module integrated with environmental projects on environmental pollution topics to stimulate senior high school students’ critical and creative thinking skills, as well as to examine its validity and practicality. The study was motivated by the limited availability of digital learning materials integrating real environmental contexts, STEM activities, and project-based learning in Biology instruction. The research employed a Research and Development method using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants involved 104 public senior high school students in Bengkulu City, including 36 students in the limited trial and 68 students in the large-scale trial. Data were collected through content expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and teacher response questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings indicated that the developed e-module achieved a very high validity level, with content validation of 92% and media validation of 98%. The practicality test also showed that the e-module was categorized as very practical based on students’ and teachers’ responses. These findings demonstrate that the developed e-module is feasible for supporting contextual Biology learning and fostering students’ critical and creative thinking skills.

The Effect of Role-Playing on the Science Learning Outcomes of Fifth-Grade Students at Gunung Tabur Elementary School

Widya Surachman, I Wayan Kertih, I Wayan Widiana — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of the role-playing method on the learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 003 Gunung Tabur. The study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method through a quasi-experimental design with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 60 students, comprising 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. The experimental group was treated with the application of the role-playing method, while the control group used conventional teaching methods. Research data were obtained through achievement tests administered as pretests and posttests. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics with a MANCOVA test to examine the effect of the learning method on student achievement. The results indicated a significant difference in average achievement scores between the two groups, with the experimental class achieving an average score of 84.80, while the control class achieved an average of 74.60. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 with an effect size of 0.59, which falls into the large category. These findings indicate that the role-playing method has a significant effect on students’ IPAS learning outcomes. Role-playing can enhance students’ active engagement in the learning process through simulations and group interactions, thereby helping students understand learning concepts more deeply and contextually. Therefore, this method can serve as an effective alternative learning strategy for improving science learning outcomes in elementary schools.

Implementation of Discipline and Responsibility Values through Paskibra Extracurricular Activities

Nurul Widya Tanjung, Kurniana Bektiningsih — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Character education is an essential aspect of elementary education aimed at developing students into disciplined and responsible individuals. This study aimed to describe the implementation of discipline and responsibility values through Paskibra extracurricular activities at SD Srondol Wetan 02 Semarang City and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its implementation. The research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive-qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings revealed that discipline and responsibility values were instilled through consistent habituation, including punctuality, compliance with trainers’ instructions, responsibility toward tasks and teams, and awareness of individual roles within the group. These values were not only applied during Paskibra activities but were also internalized into students’ daily lives at school and at home. Supporting factors included school support, trainers’ commitment, parental involvement, and structured activity programs, while inhibiting factors involved students’ physical conditions, limited training time, differences in student characteristics, and weather conditions. These findings indicate that Paskibra extracurricular activities contribute positively to strengthening character education among elementary school students.

The Influence of Principal Supervision, Work Discipline, and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance

Shafa' Muthi'ah, Aslamiah Aslamiah, Suhaimi Suhaimi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Teacher performance is a crucial factor in determining the quality of learning in elementary schools and is influenced by principal supervision, work discipline, and teachers’ work motivation. This study aimed to analyze the conditions of principal supervision, work discipline, work motivation, and teacher performance, as well as to examine the direct and indirect effects of principal supervision on teacher performance through work discipline and work motivation at public elementary schools in Teweh Tengah District. The study employed a quantitative approach involving all 105 teachers from eight public elementary schools in Teweh Tengah District using a total sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS and inferentially using SmartPLS 4 through outer model and inner model testing. The findings indicated that all variables were categorized as high to very high. Inferential analysis showed that principal supervision, work discipline, and work motivation had positive and significant effects on teacher performance. The R-Square values demonstrated that the model explained 74.6% of the variance in teacher performance, 52.0% of the variance in work discipline, and 47.8% of the variance in work motivation. In addition, principal supervision had indirect effects on teacher performance through work discipline (3.1%) and work motivation (4.5%). These findings highlight the importance of sustainable academic supervision in improving teachers’ discipline, motivation, and performance.

The Effectiveness of a Bilingual Digital Pop-Up Book in Improving Elementary School Students’ Reading Comprehension of Narrative Texts (Fairy Tales)

Aida Salsabila Aulia, Petra Kristi Mulyani — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Elementary school students’ narrative reading comprehension skills remain suboptimal, particularly in understanding intrinsic story elements, plot, explicit information, inference, and moral messages. This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a PowerPoint-based bilingual digital pop-up book for teaching narrative fairy tale texts to fourth-grade elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development method using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. A small-group trial was conducted to assess the readability and practicality of the media, while a large-group trial was used to evaluate its preliminary effectiveness through a one-group pretest–posttest design. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and reading comprehension tests. The validation results indicated that the media was categorized as highly feasible, with scores of 96.6% from media experts and 86.6% from material and language experts. The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. The N-gain score of 0.59 was categorized as moderate. In addition, teacher responses reached 93.3% and student responses reached 97.2%, indicating that the media was highly practical for classroom use. These findings demonstrate that the bilingual digital pop-up book is feasible and effective in improving elementary school students’ narrative reading comprehension.

The Influence of Instructional Leadership, Work Climate, and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance (A Study of Junior High School Teachers in Kelumpang Hilir District, Kotabaru Regency)

Dody Alfayed, Aslamiah Aslamiah, Sutarto Hadi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Teacher performance is a key factor in improving the quality of learning and achieving educational goals. This performance is influenced by the instructional leadership of the principal, the work climate, and teacher motivation. Suboptimal instructional leadership and an unfavorable work climate have the potential to reduce teacher motivation and performance. This study aims to analyze the description of the principal's instructional leadership, work climate, work motivation, and teacher performance, as well as to examine the direct and indirect effects of instructional leadership and work climate on teacher performance through work motivation. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population of all junior high school teachers in Kelumpang Hilir District, Kotabaru Regency, totaling 102 people who were sampled using the total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively with SPSS and inferentially using SmartPLS 4 through outer model and inner model testing. The results show thsat descriptively, all variables are in the high to very high category. Inferentially, instructional leadership and work climate have a positive and significant effect on teacher motivation and performance, with contributions of 66.7% and 74.9%, respectively. Work motivation was found to act as a mediating variable in the relationship between instructional leadership and work climate on teacher performance, with indirect contributions of 4.9% and 1.5%, respectively. These findings confirm that effective instructional leadership and a conducive work climate can increase teacher work motivation, thereby impacting the continuous optimization of teacher performance.

Analysis of Bumper Media Needs for Interactive Ethnographic Videos Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Material on Recognizing Shapes and Colors in Elementary School

Fhelenia Ardana, Makmum Raharjo, Farhan Yadi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the need for developing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted interactive ethnographic bumper video media in elementary school Art Education, particularly for teaching shapes, colors, and local cultural motifs from the Senjang Palembang tradition. The study employed a descriptive mixed-methods approach involving 3 teachers and 315 students from three elementary schools. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and structured questionnaires covering six dimensions of needs analysis: pedagogical, technical, cognitive, aesthetic, socio-cultural, and evaluative aspects, integrated into the components of students, teachers, media, and instructional design. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages and Spearman Rank correlation, while qualitative data supported the interpretation of findings. The results revealed that all dimensions of needs were categorized as high to very high, with cognitive and aesthetic aspects emerging as the most dominant. These findings highlight the importance of developing visually engaging, culturally contextualized media that effectively supports information processing. In addition, technical and evaluative aspects were identified as essential for ensuring accessibility and learning feedback. This study provides a conceptual foundation for developing AI-based ethnographic media that is pedagogically appropriate, culturally relevant, and aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum.

The Effect of Brainstorming and Recall-Based Learning on Eleventh-Grade Students’ Learning Outcomes

Sofyatun Nisa, Imam Mashuri, Rifqi Firdaus — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Round Robin Brainstorming (RRB) and Memory Recall Examine (MRE) learning models in improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education (PAI and BP). The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent group pretest–posttest approach involving 36 eleventh-grade students of SMAN Darussholah Singojuruh divided into two treatment groups. Learning outcome data were collected through cognitive tests administered before and after the intervention and analyzed using paired sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, normalized gain (N-Gain), effect size (Cohen’s d), and coefficient of determination (R²) with SPSS 22. The findings revealed that both learning models significantly improved students’ cognitive learning outcomes (p < 0.05). The MRE group achieved higher improvement with an N-Gain score of 0.62 and a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.74), while the RRB group showed moderate improvement with an N-Gain score of 0.45 and Cohen’s d = 0.65. The R² value of 0.65 indicated that 65% of the variance in learning outcomes was explained by the implemented learning models. These findings suggest that MRE is more effective in improving cognitive learning outcomes, whereas RRB better promotes student engagement and collaborative participation during structured group discussions.

Development of Canva-Based Interactive Media to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes on Biodiversity Topics in Elementary School

Feranika Putri Pradana, Ipin Aripin — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to develop Canva-based interactive learning media on biodiversity topics in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving fourth-grade students’ learning outcomes at SDN Podorejo 02. The study was motivated by the limited use of interactive learning media, which contributed to low student learning outcomes. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants involved 26 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation results indicated that the media obtained scores of 91% from media experts, 90% from material experts, and 87% from language experts, with an average score of 89.3%, categorized as highly feasible. Teacher and student responses also showed a high level of practicality with an average score of 82.25%. Students’ learning outcomes improved from a pre-test average of 66.15 to a post-test average of 83.85. The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference with t = -12.933; p < 0.001. The N-gain score of 0.5641 was categorized as moderate, with an effectiveness level of 56.41%. These findings demonstrate that Canva-based interactive learning media is feasible, practical, and moderately effective for IPAS learning in elementary schools.

The Effectiveness of Learning Style-Based Instructional Models in Javanese Language Learning

Arista Susiyanti, Endang Kurniati — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Low student engagement in learning indicates that the instructional process has not fully accommodated students’ diverse learning styles. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a learning style-based instructional model in Javanese language learning at the senior high school level. The research employed an experimental method using a posttest only control group design. The participants were eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 16 Semarang selected through a cluster random sampling technique. The study involved two groups: class XI 6 as the experimental group receiving the learning style-based instructional model and class XI 5 as the control group receiving conventional instruction. The research instruments consisted of a learning achievement test and a learning style questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test because the Shapiro–Wilk normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed. The findings revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups with a p-value of 0.045 (<0.05). These findings indicate that the learning style-based instructional model is effective in Javanese language learning because it accommodates students’ diverse learning characteristics and enhances their engagement in the learning process.

Development of Interactive Multimedia in Manicure and Pedicure Learning to Improve Students’ Understanding

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The main problem in manicure and pedicure learning at SMK Negeri 6 Semarang is the limited availability of interactive learning media, which causes students difficulties in understanding practical materials. This study aimed to develop Google Sites-based interactive multimedia learning media and to examine its feasibility and effectiveness in improving students’ understanding. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants consisted of 30 tenth-grade students from the Beauty Department of SMK Negeri 6 Semarang. Data were collected through expert validation sheets and student learning outcome tests. Media feasibility was analyzed using percentage techniques, while effectiveness was examined through N-gain and paired sample t-tests. The findings revealed that the developed media achieved a very high feasibility level, with scores of 96.88% from material experts and 90.20% from media experts. The effectiveness of the media was indicated by the improvement in students’ average learning outcomes from 61 in the pre-test to 86.5 in the post-test, with an N-gain score of 0.654 categorized as moderate. The paired sample t-test showed a p-value < 0.001, indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. These findings demonstrate that the Google Sites-based interactive multimedia learning media is feasible and effective for manicure and pedicure learning.

The Effectiveness of Timor Local Wisdom-Based Fantasy Digital Comics in Improving Seventh-Grade Junior High School Students’ Reading Literacy

Adriani Laiskodat, C. Asri Budiningsih — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Improving students’ reading literacy has become an important challenge in Indonesian language learning, particularly in fantasy story materials that require imaginative and interpretative abilities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Timor local wisdom-based fantasy digital comic in improving the reading literacy of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri Satu Atap Fatukoto. The research employed a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design involving 29 students. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments and analyzed using parametric statistics, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain. The digital comic media was validated by material experts, cultural experts, and media experts, achieving an average feasibility score of 94.0%, categorized as highly feasible. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ reading literacy skills, with the average pretest score increasing from 43.8 to a posttest score of 83.1. The paired sample t-test showed t = -17.239; p < 0.001, while the N-Gain score of 0.7 was categorized as high. Improvements were identified across three main PISA 2022 literacy indicators: locating information, understanding text content, and evaluating and reflecting on reading materials. These findings indicate that Timor local wisdom-based digital comics are effective in improving reading literacy while simultaneously introducing and preserving local culture in junior high school Indonesian language learning.

Innovating Dance Learning through Interactive Video Media: The Case of Gandrung Seblang Lukinto Dance

Siti Wulandari, Sudarsri Lestari, Vina Rohmatul Ummah — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was motivated by the limited availability of dance learning media in elementary schools that has not optimally integrated local culture into the learning process. The study aimed to develop a local wisdom-based interactive video media on the Gandrung Seblang Lukinto dance material, examine its feasibility, and analyze its effectiveness in dance learning at the elementary school level. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. Data analysis was conducted using feasibility percentages, N-Gain, and paired sample t-tests. The findings revealed that the media achieved feasibility scores of 85% from material experts and 81.67% from media experts, categorized as feasible to highly feasible. Student responses reached 98.18%, indicating a very high level of practicality. The effectiveness analysis showed an N-Gain score of 0.78, while the paired sample t-test indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the local wisdom-based interactive video media effectively helps students understand dance movements, increases learning engagement, and supports the preservation of local culture through dance learning in elementary schools.

The Effectiveness of an Interactive Biology E-Module in Enhancing Eleventh-Grade Senior High School Students’ Scientific Literacy

Nia Afrilia, Christina Ismaniati — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Scientific literacy is an essential competency in biology learning, particularly in understanding abstract physiological concepts such as the human excretory system. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an interactive biology e-module in improving eleventh-grade students’ scientific literacy on the topic of the human excretory system. Scientific literacy was measured through students’ ability to explain scientific phenomena, interpret scientific data and evidence, apply scientific concepts in daily life, and construct scientific arguments. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The participants consisted of two eleventh-grade classes at SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, each involving 36 students as the control and experimental groups. The research instrument was a 15-item scientific literacy test that had been validated and demonstrated a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.859. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent samples t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The findings revealed that the experimental group achieved higher learning improvement than the control group, with an N-Gain score of 0.78 categorized as high, while the control group obtained 0.69 categorized as moderate. The posttest results showed a significant difference between the two groups with a p-value of 0.006. These findings indicate that the interactive biology e-module is effective in improving students’ scientific literacy on the human excretory system topic.

Digital Instructional Leadership: A New Model of Supervision in Developing Teachers’ Competence and Performance in Madrasahs

Shinta Dhuhrotul Himaya, Moh Harun Al-Rosid — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid development of digital technology demands a transformation of educational leadership in madrasahs; however, many principals still focus primarily on administrative tasks, resulting in suboptimal technology-based instructional supervision. This study aimed to analyze the role of Digital Instructional Leadership as a new supervision model for developing teacher competence and performance in Islamic junior high schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah). The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design at MTsN 7 Banyuwangi. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving the principal and ten teachers. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification. The findings revealed that the implementation of Digital Instructional Leadership significantly improved teachers’ professional competence, enhanced the quality of academic supervision, and fostered a more disciplined, transparent, and accountable work ethic. Teachers became more creative in designing digital learning materials, implementing technology-based instruction, and conducting systematic evaluations. These findings indicate that Digital Instructional Leadership transforms academic supervision from a formal administrative activity into an effective professional development strategy that is relevant to the needs of madrasahs in the digital era. The study also highlights the importance of strengthening technology-based leadership policies to sustainably improve learning quality.

Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Visual Arts Teaching Module for Elementary School Students within the Context of Palembang Culture

Febrian Syehan Armanda, Siti Dewi Maharani, Erna Retna Safitri — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to analyze the need for developing an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based art learning module integrated with Palembang local culture for elementary school students. The study was motivated by the limited availability of interactive learning media and local culture-based modules, which contributed to low student engagement and understanding in art education. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using the Rowntree development model, which includes needs analysis, design, and preliminary evaluation stages. The study was conducted at SD Yayasan Harapan Masa Depan Cerah, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, involving elementary school teachers and third-grade students. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires covering pedagogical, technical, cognitive, aesthetic, socio-cultural, and evaluative aspects related to students, teachers, and learning media. The findings revealed that all aspects were categorized as high to very high. Aesthetic and cognitive aspects emerged as the dominant needs among students and learning media, while pedagogical and technical aspects were dominant among teachers. These findings highlight the importance of developing AI-based modules that are visual, interactive, contextual, and adaptive to Palembang local culture. The integration of AI and ethnopedagogical approaches is considered capable of supporting creativity, cultural literacy, and student engagement in elementary school art learning.

Development of an E-Module as a Differentiated Learning Resource to Enhance Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Conceptual Understanding

Putu Nesya Pundiwanti, Ni Made Sri Mertasari, Raphita Yanisari Silalahi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was motivated by students’ low mathematical conceptual understanding and the need for learning resources capable of accommodating diverse learning styles through differentiated learning. The study aimed to develop a differentiated statistics e-module that is valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ mathematical conceptual understanding. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants included 32 eighth-grade students and two mathematics teachers at SMPN Satu Atap 2 Sukasada. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative criteria covering validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validity of the e-module was evaluated using the LORI instrument by material and media experts, while practicality was measured through teacher and student response questionnaires. Effectiveness was determined based on pretest and posttest results analyzed using the N-Gain method. The findings revealed that the developed e-module was categorized as highly valid, with scores of 4.90 from material experts and 4.76 from media experts. The practicality of the e-module was also categorized as highly practical, with scores of 4.75 from teachers and 4.43 from students. The N-Gain score of 0.71 indicated a high effectiveness category. These findings demonstrate that the differentiated statistics e-module is feasible as a learning resource to improve students’ mathematical conceptual understanding.

Development of TRADISKA Smartcard Media Based on Augmented Reality to Improve Social Studies Learning Outcomes of Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students

Diana Shafa Nur Aisyah, Dyan Desi Madyarini — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Social Studies learning in elementary schools faces challenges because the materials are often abstract, while students are still in the concrete operational stage. This condition causes difficulties in understanding concepts, particularly on traditions and community culture topics, which are further exacerbated by the use of lecture methods and less varied textbooks. This study aimed to develop Smartcard TRADISKA learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) and to examine its feasibility and effectiveness in improving elementary school students’ Social Studies learning outcomes. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests (pretest and posttest), and analyzed using descriptive analysis, N-Gain, and paired sample t-tests. The findings revealed that the AR-based Smartcard TRADISKA media achieved a very high feasibility level, with validation scores of 95% from media experts and 94% from material experts. The media was also proven effective in improving learning outcomes, with an N-Gain score of 70.65% in the large-scale trial, categorized as high. These findings indicate that Augmented Reality-based learning media can improve students’ conceptual understanding of Social Studies more concretely while also enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in elementary schools.

Integration of Education for Sustainable Development into Interactive Multimedia to Enhance Students’ Environmental Awareness in Chemistry Learning

Najikhatul Umniyah, Sisca Rahmadonna — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was motivated by the limited integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) values in chemistry learning, particularly in acid-base topics, and the need for learning media capable of connecting chemistry concepts with environmental issues contextually. The study aimed to develop ESD and Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP)-based interactive multimedia, analyze its feasibility and practicality, and examine its effectiveness in improving students’ environmental awareness in chemistry learning. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed multimedia integrated acid-base concepts with sustainability issues such as acid rain, water pollution, household chemical usage, environmentally friendly products, interactive quizzes, feedback, and CEP-based project activities. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and environmental awareness questionnaires administered to experimental and control classes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests. The findings revealed that the multimedia was categorized as highly feasible and highly practical, with media validation scores improving from 73% to 83% after revision, while material validation reached 89%. Student and teacher responses reached 89% and 92%, respectively. The posttest results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.014), indicating that the ESD-CEP-based interactive multimedia was effective in improving students’ environmental awareness in chemistry learning.

The Effect of AI-Based Sketch Metademolab Media on Second Grade Elementary Students’ Interest in Visual Arts Learning

Prima Samtiadji, Sigit Yulianto — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Art education in elementary schools still faces challenges in improving students’ learning interest due to the use of conventional learning media that provide limited visual-interactive experiences. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Sketch Metademolab AI media on the art learning interest of second-grade elementary school students. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest control group design involving experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a learning interest questionnaire and analyzed through paired samples t-tests, independent samples t-tests, N-Gain analysis, and Cohen’s d effect size. The findings revealed that the average learning interest score of the experimental group increased from 72.67 to 76.86, while the control group decreased from 75.92 to 71.96. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). The N-Gain score of the experimental group was 0.61, categorized as moderate, while the control group obtained 0.35, categorized as low. Furthermore, Cohen’s d value of 1.054 was categorized as a large effect, indicating a strong influence of the media on improving students’ learning interest. These findings demonstrate that Sketch Metademolab AI media effectively enhances students’ interest in art learning through visual-interactive learning in elementary schools.

Development of an RME-Based E-Module to Improve Junior High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding and Statistical Problem-Solving Skills

Ratna Wati Seri Jala, Christina Ismaniati — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Low mathematical conceptual understanding and problem-solving ability remain significant challenges in statistics learning at SMP Negeri 4 Waibakul. Teacher-centered instruction and the limited availability of contextual teaching materials and digital learning resources have reduced students’ engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to develop a Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)-based e-module that is feasible, practical, and effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding and mathematical problem-solving skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants consisted of 39 seventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The findings revealed that the developed e-module met the criteria of being highly feasible and highly practical. The effectiveness of the e-module was indicated by N-Gain scores of 0.77 for conceptual understanding and 0.80 for problem-solving ability, both categorized as high. In addition, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. These findings demonstrate that the RME-based e-module effectively supports contextual mathematics learning, particularly in improving students’ conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills simultaneously.

Exploring Vocabulary Learning Through Paper flashcards in a Rural Indonesian Junior High School

Ida Farida, Ali Muhtadi — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using paper flashcards in English vocabulary learning among seventh-grade junior high school students in rural areas. Vocabulary mastery is an essential aspect of English learning; however, limited learning media and low student engagement remain major challenges. The study employed a descriptive method using a mixed-method approach involving 32 students. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations, while quantitative data were obtained from questionnaires and vocabulary tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis, then integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the findings. The results revealed that the use of paper flashcards encouraged active student engagement in individual, pair, and group activities. The media also received positive responses regarding ease of use, visual attractiveness, and usefulness in learning. The normalized gain (N-gain) score of 0.71 was categorized as high, indicating a substantial improvement in students’ vocabulary mastery. The consistency among observation, questionnaire, and test results demonstrated that paper flashcards support active, interactive, and meaningful vocabulary learning, particularly in resource-limited school contexts. These findings suggest that simple paper-based media can serve as an effective alternative for improving student engagement and learning outcomes in English language learning.

The Effectiveness of the Triangle Passing Method on Soccer Passing Learning Outcomes

Muhammad Virgiawan Listanto, Vina Rohmatul Ummah — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was motivated by the low soccer passing skills among elementary school students and the need for more effective instructional methods in physical education learning. The study aimed to examine differences in the improvement of soccer passing learning outcomes between students taught using the Triangle Passing method and those taught using conventional methods. The research employed a quantitative approach with an experimental method using a pretest–posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 88 students divided into an experimental group (n = 44) and a control group (n = 44). Data were collected through a soccer passing skills test and analyzed using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests. The findings revealed that both groups experienced improvements in average scores. The experimental group improved from 23.93 to 28.29, while the control group improved from 23.06 to 26.54. However, the difference test indicated no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.136 > 0.05). These findings indicate that both the Triangle Passing method and conventional methods were able to improve students’ passing skills, but the Triangle Passing method did not produce a significantly greater effect compared to the conventional method. This study implies that the effectiveness of sports skill learning methods should consider student characteristics, training intensity, and the duration of instructional implementation.